Using a tray of jello as an earthquake simulator, design marshmallow and toothpick buildings and try to see how long your building can last 15 s. An overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. Origins, legacy, and perspectives by ari benmenahem abstract the history of seismology has been traced since man first reacted lit erarily to the phenomena of earthquakes and volcanoes, some 4000 yr ago. Over the course of geological time, earthquakes, floods, and other natural events have helped to shape the surface of our planet. Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes in this article. This countrys capital city was devastated by an earthquake in 1985. Taken from a leaflet published by the japan meteorological agency.
Japan is one of the most earthquakeprone countries in the world, and has. Mar 24, 2020 earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through earths rocks. Earthquake waves can travel hundreds of kilometres causing or the l earthquakes to be felt a long way away from the origin. Earthquakes the map on the left shows the global distribution of earthquakes and the map on the right shows the worlds tectonic plates and their boundaries. Hes flying over the sea, 8km over the upper mantle. In most situations, you will reduce your chance of injury if you. Discussion of us earthquake hazard and concept of risk i. How long would it take for an earthquake in california to be detected in washington, dc, approximately 3,000 miles 4,500 km away. In australia, seismologists people who study earthquakes prefer the use of the moment magnitude scale, which calculates the magnitude of an earthquake based on physical properties such as the area of movement slip along the fault plane. Earthquakes fema 159 9 defining an earthquake an earthquake is a natural phenomenon like rain. The location below the earths surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.
This black history month word search celebrates the african american heroes throughout history. A measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake. The zone of earthquakes and volcanoes surrounding the pacific ocean. Discussion of us earthquake hazard and concept of risk note to instructor. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite biointeractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Earthquake preparedness, was kindly provided and funded by the federal emergency management agency and the state of california governors office of emergency services and is aimed to improve population awareness and earthquake preparedness. In 1868, an earthquake estimated at a magnitude of about 7. As the events listed here occurred before routine instrumental recordings, they rely mainly on the analysis of written sources.
Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities. Thus, earthquakes in utah are related to interactions with the pacific plate along the plate margin on the west coast of the united states. An earthquake is a sudden shaking movement of the surface of the earth. The greater the distance from the origin, the greater the lag time between the arrivals of the p and swaves. Elastic strain happens when an object is deformed, and then when the stress. Our second option is superboy hes slower but he can do it. Definition of words in italics are found in the glossary. Various output formats, and links to earthquake details. How seismic waves can be used to locate the origin epicenter of earthquakes mystery epicenter activities 2 and 3 will be presented as time permits 2. This brochure explains various types of information. What is the richter scale, and how high does it go.
Earthquake damage worksheet earthquakedamageworksheet. Fault that makes california an area of high risk for earthquakes. If the epicenter of an earthquake is located near massena, new york, where would the greatest dif. You will have thirty minutes to complete the questions. Free earthquake worksheets for use when learning all about. Nova online teachers classroom activity wave that shook. The epicentre of an earthquake is the point on the surface of earth.
The area of the earths surface that is directly above the origin of an earthquake. Twenty six centuries ago man began the quest for natural causes of earthquakes. The time that an earthquake occurs can be inferred by knowing the a. Facts in any given year, the probability of being killed in a motor vehicle crash is 1 in 6,000. Explain what the focus and epicenter of an earthquake. Folded rocks have been subjected to a plastic strain. Most houses in the area were yaodongsdwellings carved out of loess hillsidesand many victims were killed when these structures collapsed. The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. Earthquake magnitude earthquake severity richter magnitude earthquake effects less than 3.
Stick and slip as plates move past each other they get. An earthquake is a trembling or a shaking movement of the ground, caused by the slippage or rupture of a fault within the earths crust. Gravity worked to restore the water to its equilibrium position. The location below the earths surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the. These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same place as the larger earthquake that follows. Earthquakes affect almost every part of the earth and like rain they can be either mild or catastrophic. It can be seen from the maps above that most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries. Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through earths rocks. Learn how the richter scale relies on vibration to logarithmically track earth tremors the richter scale and how it measures earthquake magnitude. The instructor should divide the class into teams of two or three and have each team discuss the concept of earthquake.
Virtual lab how does magmas com position affect a volcanos eruption. The earthquake sends out the strongest shock waves. Refer back to the vocabulary sheet for any terms your student may not remember. The same highquality resources are now available with new features, including a loggedin experience. Plastic strain occurs when stress is applied to an object, and it becomes deformed. What other disasters could be triggered as a result of an earthquake. An enduring earthquake image of california is a collapsed adobe home with the doorframe as the only standing part.
The mid niigata prefecture earthquake in 2004 the iwatemiyagi nairiku earthquake in 2008 what would happen if there were no earthquaketsunami information when a tremor hits. The depth of focus from the epicenter, called as focal depth, is an important parameter in determining the. In the first part of this twoday lesson, i have a hook to give students a glimpse into the destructive power of earthquakes. A comprehensive range of earthquake worksheets to support 12 different earthquake activities to help learning all about earthquakes.
An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the shifting of rock beneath the earths surface. Helps students understnad difference between magnitude and intensity locations of earthquake epicenters on earth map here are a few nice usgs maps that might be useful. Q12 are seismic intensity and earthquake magnitude different. Its true origin may be placed on 1 november 1755, during the lisbon earth quakean event that changed dramatically mans outlook on the phenomenon of earthquakes. Earthquake tip 3 learning earthquake design and construction terminology the point on the fault where slip starts is the focus or hypocenter, and the point vertically above this on the surface of the earth is the epicenter figure 1. A sudden slippage or rupture along a fault line results in an abrupt release of elastic energy stored in rocks that are subjected to great strain. Usgs earthquake hazards program, responsible for monitoring, reporting, and researching earthquakes and earthquake hazards. There is often significant uncertainty in location and magnitude and sometimes date for each earthquake. Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. An instrument used to detect and record earthquakes.
For some, grief recovery means returning to a previously experienced state of soundness and balance. Find the origin time or the arrival time for the following scenarios type of wave distance to epicenter 1,000 km 6,600 km 5,200 km 3,800 km arrival time of wave pm pm origin time of show all work earthquake 01 pm pm how many seismic stations are needed to locate the epicenter. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. Earthquake names and magnitudes may differ slightly from what is currently in the comcat earthquake catalog since the sources of each may be different. Defining an earthquake earthquake epicenters the epicenter of an earthquake is the place on the earths surface directly above the focus or hypocenter, the place inside the earth where the quake originates. Earthquake foci are usually somewhere between the surface and 100 km in depth. The dawn of modern seismology broke immediately after the lisbon earthquake. Search earthquake catalog view historic seismicity, find past earthquakes that meet your criteria.
This fact is important to locating the epicenter of an earthquake that point on the earths surface which lies directly above the focus of seismic energy release. Special earthquakes, earthquake sequences, and fault zones compilations of information about significant earthquakes, swarms or sequences, and fault zones of interest. Teacher planet offers lesson plans on epicenters, real time data projects and how scientists predict earthquakes. These elements can act as channels through which the seismic waves travel, resulting in an energy entrapment, and therefore in a. Salvador fault zone, independent of thedistance and origin earthquake, indicating an important control of the existing faults in guiding large liberation of seismic energy garcia florez and tsige,2011. Worksheets, printables and additional teaching resources help round out your unit on earthquakes and other natural disasters. Learning earthquake tip 3 earthquake design and construction. Designed for a fifth grade science curriculum, this worksheet also lends well to the study of features of nonfiction texts. You cannot tell from the initial shaking if an earthquake will suddenly become intenseso always drop, cover, and hold on immediately.
Defining an earthquake defining an earthquake an earthquake is a natural occurrence, like rain. Grief recovery pyramid, arlene taylor 2 grief recovery is the process of learning to feel better and to achieve a condition of balance following any type of loss. It depends on the strength of the earthquake and the kind of movement that occurs in earths crust. Earthquake preparedness, was kindly provided and funded by the federal emergency management agency and the state of california governors office of emergency services and is aimed to improve population awareness and earthquake. The aftershocks are what occur later and in the same place along the fault line. Aug 01, 2012 buchanan high school teacher web site. The relative arrival times of different types of seismic waves is used to determine the distance of the seismograph station from the origin of the earthquake. They strike without warning, at any time of year, day or night. Handout questions energy transfer emspectrum 36 energy in the atmosphere notes lab radiation and absorption when making your graph, only plot your yaxis from the lowest record temp. Assume the majority of the energy will travel through hard rock layers. The indian ocean tsunami of 2004 was caused by a megaearthquake measuring 9. Also, many small earthquakes in eastcentral utah are induced by underground coal mining.
They also read about three famous earthquakes in history, learn some earthquake safety tips, and study a diagram of fault lines before answering a few reading comprehension questions. Failure mechanism of large landslides triggered by. Map study of cultures associated with earthquake legends. A quake of lesser magnitude, usually one of a series, following a large earthquake in the same area. One of the most devastating earthquakes in recorded history was the 1556 shaanxi earthquake, which occurred on 23 january 1556 in shaanxi province, china. Notice the sensation of clothing on your body, the sun on your skin, or the feeling of the chair you are sitting in. Descriptions as old as recorded history show the significant effects they have had on peoples lives. This product includes a 2 page recording sheet to be used as a part of an earthquake stem challenge. In some areas, however, foci may be as deep as 700 km. They will learn many things, including the fact that chocolate has ancient roots in latin american culture, and sugar was not added until the europeans came in contact with it. Explain what the focus and epicenter of an earthquake are.
Earthquake safety earthquake preparedness red cross. The science behind earthquakes what is an earthquake. These earthquake hats are perfect for emergency preparedness week and for the great shake out that most schools participate in. The history of seismology did not really begin in 1889. This section contains 16 worksheets about earthquakes which can be helpful to both you and your students. Geo700 landslides handout humboldt state university. From this came our belief that a doorway is the safest place to be during an earthquake. Browse earthquake word search resources on teachers pay teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original educational resources. How can you tell the difference between an earthquake and aftershocks.
Yumthis social studies worksheet will teach fourth graders the history of chocolate. A massive displacement of water from its equilibrium position caused the tsunami. Not every earthquake in or near the ocean causes a tsunami. Plotting epicenters the data below shows the p and swave arrival time difference determined from seismograms from three different cities, for three different earthquake events. Eighth grade lesson earthquakes day 12 betterlesson. This fact is important to locating the epicenter of an earthquakethat point on the earths surface which lies directly above the focus of seismic energy release. Students use their reference tables to answer questions regarding earthquake epicenters and time of origin. Japan is one of the most earthquakeprone countries in the world, and has repeatedly su. The richter scale calculates an earthquake s magnitude size from the amplitude of the earthquake s largest seismic wave recorded by a seismograph. Pick up an object and examine its weight, texture, and other physical qualities. The waves traveled from their place of origin in all directions and energy from the quake was transferred by the water. Sp23 earthquake basics the delaware geological survey.
Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions. Please refer to attached resource in the lesson introduction for the. Recommended earthquake safety actions federal, state, and local emergency management experts and other official preparedness organizations all agree that drop, cover, and hold on is the appropriate action to reduce injury and death during earthquakes. Handout primarily discussing the modified mercalli scale. Before we can design an earthquake resistant structure, we need to understand the science behind earthquakes, how earthquakes cause destruction, how engineers build structures to withstand earthquakes, and what types of designs you should consider when planning your structure. They also offer hands on activities to help those tactile learners in your classroom. Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes. We now understand that doorways are no stronger than any other part of the house, and do not provide protection from falling or flying objects. Long before there were scientific theories for the cause of earthquakes.